Functional English

Functional English

Chapter- 1
Nature of law
1.1 Law is a system of rules and guidelines it shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It is , however , not possible to confine positive law to the land.

1.2 In the widest sense there are many kinds of law, and salmon mentions the following as sufficiently important and distinct to deserve separate mention and examination: (1) Imperative law; (2) Physical of or scientific Law; (3) Natural or Moral law; (4) Convectional law; (5) Customary law; (6) Practical or Technical Law; (7) International law or the Law of Nations; (8) Civil Law; (9) Constitutional law.

Chapter- 2
Imperative law
2.1 Imperative law means a precept or a rule upon men by some authority which enforces obedience to it .in other words, an imperative law is a rule in the form of a command, which is enforced by some superior power.

2.2 Life as such as we know it is quite complicated that poses Relocation is also one among such complications. The government across various countries has specific laws and regulations which every Auto Transport Company ought to follow in order to provide car shipping services to their clients. And the Government boards several obstacles and issues on a regular basis. And yet we are able to survive it to the best of our abilities due to some order. Without laws, rules and regulations, there would be no order and it gives room for chaos. also inspect the companies based on certain criteria and only if they get satisfied with quality and other measures, can a company become a licensed one to provide efficient services and develop their business. Besides, people also look out for certified and licensed companies as they seek professional and high quality services.

2.3 Imperative laws are that it enforced by some authority. The observance of law must not depend upon the pleasure of the people. Law has to be enforced by the machinery of the state. The source, custom or reason but the strength of the state. The instrument time of coercion by which law is enforced is called sanction. Sometimes, sanction is in the form of censure, of law is not consent ridicule or contempt and sometimes in the form of physical force. Sanction is not necessarily a punishment.

Chapter- 3
Customary Law
3.1Customary law is any rule of action by men-any rule which is the expression of some actually uniformity of voluntary action. which is actually observed Custom is a law for those who observe it-a law or rule which they have set for themselves and to which they voluntary conform their actions. which is actually observed They are the laws of dress deportment and etiquette.

3.2 The operation of custom as of civil law will be considered later. That portion of the civil law which has its source in custom one of the sources is itself called customary law, but it is not in this sense that the term is here used; customary law in the present sense is not a part of civil one of the sources law, but a different kind of law in the generic sense.

3.3 Customary law come into existence due, when some kind of action gets general approval and is generally observed to a number of reasons for a long time, it becomes a custom. Some-times, Customs come into existence on the ground of expediency. Other reasons for their coming to a number of reasons nto existence are imitation, convenience etc. When they are recognized by the state they become a part of the civil law.

Chapter- 4
Constitutional law
4.1 Constitutional law is the body of law which the relationship of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, theand the judiciary. Not all though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law or international rules and norms, and so on.

4.2 The broad topic of constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society. This includes relationships among the states, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the states and the federal government, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. The area of judicial review is an important subject within Constitutional Law. The Supreme Court has played a crucial role in interpreting the Constitution. Consequently, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings.

4.3 The Constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. Constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society, which includes relationships among the states, the states and the federal government, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. Because the Supreme Court plays such an important role in interpreting the constitution, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings. Some of the most familiar topics of Constitutional law are the freedoms of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the Bill of Rights.

Chapter- 5
Physical Law
5.1 Physical laws or the laws of science are expression of the uniformities of nature-general principles expressing the harmony observable in the activities and operations of the universe, such as law of gravitation, the law of tides, or the laws of chemical combination.

5.2 Physical laws are also, They are not the creation called natural laws or laws of nature. There is regularity in those laws. They are not the creation of men and cannot be changed by them. Human laws change from time to time and country to country but physical laws are invariable forever.

1. Khan, DR, Hamiduddin, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-55.
2. Mahajan, Dr. V.D, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-65 .

Chapter- 6
Civil Law
6.1 The law relating to Civil law, as opposed to law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, The law relating to in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. For instance, if a car crash victim claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident, this will be a civil law case. The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contract is part of the civil law.

6.2 Civil law courts provide a forum for deciding disputes involving torts (such as accidents, negligence, and libel), contract disputes, and any other private matters that involve private parties and organizations including government departments. the probate of wills, trusts, property disputes, administrative law, commercial law, An action by an individual (or legal equivalent) against the attorney general is a civil matter, but when the state, or some other agent for the state, takes action against an individual (or legal equivalent including a government department), this is public law, not civil law. The objectives, , being represented by the prosecutor for the attorney general, of civil law are different from other types of law. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, who is the cause of the wrong pays, this being a civilized form of, or legal alternative to, revenge. If it is an equity matter, honor an agreement, or settle a dispute. If there is a victim, they get compensation, and the person, there is often a pie for division and it gets allocated by a process of civil law, possibly invoking the doctrines of equity. In public law the objective is usually deterrence, and retribution.

6.3 An action in criminal law does not necessarily action in civil law in common law countries, and may provide a for compensation to the victims of crime. Murder was ordered to pay damages for wrongful death after being acquitted of the criminal charge of murder. Such a situation occurred when O.J. Simpson. Civil law in common law countries usually refers to both common law and the law of equity, which while now merged in administration, have traditions, and have historically operated to different doctrines, although this dualism is increasingly being set aside so there is one coherent body of law rationalized around common principles of law.
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Chapter -7
Conclusion
7.1 Various types of law have several impacts on our day to day life. For example Imperative law, Customary law, Civil Law, Constitutional law, and physical law. We are very much dependent on certain law life. According to the juristic option common else law are forms in order to control the human behavior some law are formulated to wrings or evils. After all in my assignment I have tried my best out the merits of different law. I think this assignment will be a shortest effort to organize the system of Bangladesh.

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Causes & Effects of Employee Turnover in Private Bank – Case study on Prime Bank Ltd

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Origin of the study:
Study was assigned by teacher as a report on Causes & Effects of employee turnover in private bank. It’s a part of our academic curriculum. It is helpful for the ment of the course International for our BBA program.

1.2: Literature Review:
The study has been taken up by numerous Studies like journal, report, books etc. Following is a brief survey of the existing literature which has relevance to the proposed study. This report will help us to make easy our internship report. The purpose of this report is to know about causes & effects of employee turnover in private bank in banking sector. This information is collected from the h manager of PBL. The information are related to the causes &effects of employee turnover of Prime Bank.

1.3: Rationale of the study:
One of the main issues in the rationale for this study was the opportunity to study the interaction the causes and working long hours brings to the working population. Work is good, yes, but not when it comes of extent that other things have been neglected because the focus is solely on work alone.

1.4:Objective of the study :
The objectives of the study are as follows:
Main Objective: The major objective of the report is to identify Causes & Effects of employee turnover in Prime bank ltd and of Causes & Effects of employee turnover in Prime Bank Limited General Objective:

1) To find out employees annual as well as average turnover rate.
2) To ascertain the cause of Employees turnover.
3) To identify detail of causes & effects of employee turnover in Prime Bank Limited.
4) To measure the satisfaction level of employees in the organization.

Salary
This is the most common cause of the turnover rate being so high. Employees are in search of jobs which pay well. In order to resolve this problem, the employers should make it a point to offer salaries that would be competitive enough to retain and attract well-qualified and talented personnel. If the companies which they are working in don't offer good salaries, they tend to hunt for jobs that pay them considerably well. Unsatisfactory performance appraisals is also one of the reasons for employees leaving a company.

Promotion
This is the prime reason why many mid-level executives leave the company. Due to no potential opportunity for promotions, they prefer other companies which may provide them compensation packages. The companies need to evaluate and modify their promotion in a fair way which would enable promotions for candidates only on the basis of employee performance.

Working Environment
This is also one of the main causes for employee turnover. Employees prefer to work in an environment which is suitable for them. This is the most common reason why they jump from bank to bank in just a few months. Employees prefer to work in an environment which. If they find an appropriate work environment in a specific bank, they may work in the same organization for several years.

1.5: Methodology of the study
While preparing the report, I have taken information from the following sources:
Primary sources
1) I have collected primary data by interviewing employees of the prime Bank Limited
2) Face to face conversation with the officer of the Bank
3) I made a questionnaire for the customer of the PBL and
4) Collected primary data by survey method

Secondary sources
1) Annual report of PBL
2) Bank records
3) Websites, Internet.
4) Relevant books, Research papers, manuals etc. Related to the topic.

1.6: Scope of the study
This report covers the causes & effects of employee turnover of Prime Bank Ltd. Ambarkhana Branch, The data of PBL is collected from the Branch manager. The report will help us to know the causes & effects of employee turnover in prime Bank.

1.7: Limitation of the study:
1) The one of the main limitations was time period. We make this report in a very short time. And the time was not enough for making.
2)All Employees was not agreed to give me time for my question.
3) It was to easy to collect information from branch manager of PBL.Because he
has not sufficient time to give us.
4) Lack of primary data
5) Lack of Secondary data

Chapter Two
2.0: Theorical aspects of the study

2.1: Definition of Employee
An employee is a person who works in the service of another person under an express or implied contract of hire, under which the employer has the right to control the details of work performance (Black's Law Dictionary).

An employee is hired for a specific job or to provide labor and who works in the service of someone else (the employer). The IRS classifies a worker as an employee as follows:

In general, anyone who performs services for an organization is an employee if the organization can control what will be done and how it will be done.

The control question is used to determine whether a worker is an employee or an.

The factors designating someone as an employee include:

A specific wage or salary

An implied or written contract

Control of the person's work by the employer

2.2: Definition of turnover
For a; or equivalently, the fraction of a year that an item remains in inventory. Low turnover is a sign of inefficiency, since inventory usually has a here also of times per year that an reinvested.

2.3: Definition of Bank
An usually a by a state or, which does most or all of the following: receives honors drawn on them, on them, makes in, and notes;

Chapter Three
Organization Overview
3.1 Introduction:
Bank is a financial institution which plays a fundamental role in forecasting the economic and social condition of a country. This characteristic feature sets bank apart from other financial institution. A Bank can manipulate the money supply through lending and investment. In the process of acceptance of deposits and provision of loan, bank creates money. Banks collect deposit at the provide loans and advances at higher cost. The difference between these is the profit for the Bank This bank has been operating in the bank industry since 1995 and belongs to the second generation of private banks to be incorporated since the independence of Bangladesh. . Prime Bank Limited is fast growing private bank. It was established in 17th April 1995. From its establishment it is engaged in a desirable position among its competitors after achieving success in all area of business operation.

Prime Bank Limited (PBL) is one of the Bangladeshi private banks, with million of paid up capital by a group of successful entrepreneurs Prime bank is the first private bank to introduce lease finance, along with Islamic banking services in the banking sector in order to bring about qualitative changes in the lives of people of Bangladesh. . It is not only a conventional Bank. It‟s a modern, dynamic private commercial bank & plays a constructive role in the the country. PBL through its steady progress & continuous success has, now earned the reputation of being one of the leading private sector Banks of the country. The bank offers all kind of Commercial corporate and Personal banking service covering all segment of society within the framework of Banking Company Act, rules and regulation laid down by. is determined to explore the different ways to accommodate with the needs of its clients. One of these ways includes Foreign Exchange Operation and transactions which offer customers a medium of doing business globally with minimum risk associated. Prime Bank Ltd. has already made significant progress within a very short period of its way of life.

3.2 Vision:
Every Company has their own vision. By fixing vision, they can set their future growth. Prime Bank Ltd. has its own leader in the banking industry. “To be the best Private Commercial Bank in terms of efficiency, capital adequacy, asset quality, sound management & profitability having strong liquidity”.

3.3 Mission:
To build Prime Bank Ltd. in to an efficient, market driven, customer focused institution with good corporate governance structure.

Continuous improvement in business policies, procedure & efficiency through integration of technology at all levels.

3.4 Objective of the Study:
The objective of the Prime Bank Limited is specific and targeted to its vision and to position itself in the mindset of the people as The objectives of the Prime Bank Limited are as follows:

# To mobilize the savings and channeling it out as loan or advance as the company approve.

# To finance the international trade both in import and export.

# To establish, maintain, carry on, transact and undertake all kinds of investment and financial business including underwriting, managing and distributing the issue of stocks, debentures, and other securities.

# To carry on the foreign exchange business, including buying and selling of foreign currency, traveler’s cheques issuing, international credit card issuance etc.

# To develop the standard of living of the limited income group by providing Consumer Credit.

# To finance the industry, trade and commerce in both the conventional way and by offering customer friendly credit service.

# To encourage the new entrepreneurs for investment and thus to develop the country’s industry sector and contribute to the economic development.
.
3.5 Management of the PBL:
Boards of directors are the sole decision about the affairs of the business. Now there are 13 directors in the management of the bank. academic background and have huge experience in business Anwar Hossain is the chairman of the bank. The board of directors holds meetings on a regular basis.

Executive Committee: The Executive Committee consists of the members of the Board of Directors. This Management Committee: The Management Committee consists of the Managing Directors and Head Office Executives. committee exercises the power as delegated by the Board from time to time and approves all matters beyond the delegation of Management. They discuss about on portfolio functions. Different ideas and decisions, guidelines regarding deposits, lending and management of Human and Material resources are the main concern of this committee.

All these committees meet on a regular basis for discussing various issues and proposals submitted for decisions.

Table 1: Management Hierarchy of Prime Bank Limited
Managing Director
Deputy Managing Director
Senior Executive Vice President
Executive Vice president
Senior Vice President
Vice President
Senior Assistant Vice President
Assistant Vice president
First Assistant Vice president
Senior Executive Officer
Executive Officer
Principal Officer
Senior Officer
Management Trainee Officer
Junior Officer

Prime Bank Products:
Banking Services, Retail Banking, Corporate Banking, Investment Banking, Islami Banking, ATM Services Prime Bank Retail Banking Products: As a consumer bank Prime Bank Ltd.

Chapter 4
Finding and Recommendation:
Employees pay scale in PBL is other private banks of Bangladesh. The employees of the PBL get compensation of around of what other private banks, for example Dhaka Bank, Southeast Bank etc. offer to their employees. This creates dissatisfaction among the employees that carries the risk of rise in employee turnover rate.

Compared to other private banks of PBL is not so attractive. Though the employee of PBL gets fair financial and other benefits, the base pay is not sufficient. This poses a lot of threat on the employees of Bangladesh, the compensation switching to other banks from PBL. When an employee gets a promotion to the next level, he/she gets more compensation. PBL is regular in promotion, but the employees get late effect of this promotion. Often there is a long gap, for example a six month gap in getting the effect.

Findings:
Employees of Prime Bank Limited are trustful and reliable.
The transaction by PBL employees is safe to the clients.
Prime Bank Ltd. understands customer’s specific needs.
Employees always search for solutions for the clients.
The behavior of the employees is very good.
As a Bank ,Prime Bank Limited is trustworthy to its clients
Employees of Prime Bank Limited are friendly and helpful.

Conclusion:
Prime Bank Ltd is one of the fastest growing bank in Bangladesh. of the country through stimulating trade & commerce, accelerating the pace of industrialization, boosting up export, creating employment for the educated youth, raising standard of living of limited income group and overall sustainable socio-economic development of the country. It is committed to provide high quality financial services / products to contribute to the growth of G.D.P. The Bank is operating efficiently with its existing products and services The emergence of fierce competition and adverse economic condition has forced the bank to be innovative in offering its products and customer services. . It has remained profitable from the inception of its operation in the commercial banking sector. Service quality is a critical component of customer perceptions. The services which the branch provides to their clients, are very prompt and quality one compare to other private or foreign banks. In the case of pure services, service quality will be the dominant element in customers’ evaluations. So Prime Bank is the bank, which will survive in the banking sector of the world on the slogan "Bank with a difference".

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Business Activities of Capital Market

Business Activities of Capital Market

An Internship Report for partial fulfillment, degree of BBA
Executive Summary
This report is prepared on the basis of my twelve weeks practical experience at. This internship program helped me a lot

of learn about the practical situation of the capital market. Brokerage house activities mainly are fully customer oriented organization. The capital market has played the most important and vital rule in the economy of the country. Prospect and efficiency of a service oriented organization depends on quality of its services. So brokerage house try to enhance satisfaction of their customers through innovative service.

Stock exchanges are absolutely important for the proper functioning of capitalistic economy. In such a manner the financial institutions especially the organized stock exchanges contribute to the industrialization to the country. Capital markets serve to transfer capital from the surplus units to the deficit units. Primary market issued shares first time, then the shares come to the secondary market. Both primary and secondary market are dependable to one another. In primary market shares are issued by IPO to the public. In secondary market the shares, which are issued in the primary market, are traded through the brokers. It plays an important role by mobilizing the funds to those who can make a proper and productive use of the sale. They also help the surplus units to be capable of earning returns by serving the economy to utilize their idle funds in accelerating the economic emancipation through employment generation. Stock market include primary market, floating initial public offering and secondary market were existing security of listed companies are being traded. Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited (MSL) is a leading equity brokerage house in Sylhet with a diverse clientele of institutions, high net worth individuals, foreign funds and retail investors. The company commenced stock broking activities in 2009 and developed a strong team of highly skilled and experienced professionals. The company’s success is underpinned by its strong network of key clients and its unparalleled standard of service

Quality, offering clients the highest level of convenience and reliability in transacting business. Now trading has become automated, lead by DSE through central depository Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited (MSL) and it is playing an important role to generate internet based trading system. It gains reliable value of secure transactions by satisfying customers. Research shows that overall performance of MSL is satisfactory except its pricing policy and promotional activities. Research also indicates different types of investors and their knowledge level about the market. Necessary findings and recommendations are articulated to enhance the strength of Sylhet Metro City Securities.

The first chapter discussed about the origin, background, objectives, methodology, scope and limitations of the study. The fourth chapter discussed about the Chittagong Stock Exchange and Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited. It includes the background, vision, mission, core values, objectives, management, rules and regulations. The second chapter analyzed the capital market, meaning of capital market, Security and Exchange Commission, Dhaka Stock Exchange, Chittagong Stock Exchange. The six chapter overviewed of Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited. It includes the legal status, vision, mission, operation, branches, accounts policies and trading. The seven chapter included the findings and SWOT analysis. The third chapter viewed the potential of Bangladesh capital market . It includes the reasons behind the under development. The fifth chapter highlighted the Dhaka Stock Exchange. It includes the history, policy and function of DSE.

The eight chapter consists of recommendation and conclusion. It includes the problems of capital market, recommendation to improve the activities of capital market and finally conclusion.

Introduction
Origin of the Study:
This Internship study has prepared as a requirement for the completion of the BBA Program of Since the BBA program is an integrated, practical and theoretical method of learning, The primary goal of internship is to provide an on-the-job exposure to the student and an opportunity for translation of their theoretical conceptions in real life situation. the students of this program are required to have practical exposure in any kind of business organization as last term of this course. At the completion of BBA program, I was placed in Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited, Zindabazar Branch. The duration of my internship was three months, starting from February 01, 2012 to May 15, 2012. This report covers the topic- Business Activities of Capital Market ‘A Case Study on Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited’

Background of the Study:
The devolopment of economy of any country depends mostly on the establishment of sound, effective and efficient financial system of a country. Bangladesh capital market is one of the smallest in Asia but the third largest in the south Asia region. It has to full fledge automated stock exchanges namely- Dhaka stock exchange (DSE), and Chittagong stock exchange (CSE) and an over-the counter exchange operated by CSE. It also consist of a dedicated regulator, the secuirities and exchange commision (SEC), since, it compliments rules and regulations, monitors their complication to operate and devolop the capital market. A well devoloped financial system plays an importent role in accelarating economic growth by mobilizing saving and facilitating investment in an efficient manner. Financial market is composed of different markets- Money market, Capital market, etc. All the market play in interactive rule for the devolopment of economy by formation of capital through mobilizing funds, providing services, linking investors to the industrial entrepreneurs etc, Besides, this requires sound regulatory framework, sound and investment sensitive administrative infrastructure, fiscal supports for making their rule effective for economic devolopment. It consist of central depository Bangladesh limited (CDBL), the only central depository in Bangladesh that provides facilities for the settlement of transaction of demetarialized securities in CSE & DSE. Everyday a large no. of new investor are invloving to this market and making their investment. A significant number of them don’t know much about the capital market, how to trade in the secondary market. Nevertheless, the brokerage house also has a greate rule in this movement. In this study I have tried to know and inform the capital market of Bangladesh as well as the function of the brokerage house. For my study I select Secuirities Limited (MSL) where I am working.

Objective of the Study:
The objective of Business Activities Bangladesh. To Ripot BBA, accomplish this practical objective following specific objective have been covered Capital Market of Bangladesh.

General Objective:
The principle objective of the project is to know Business Activities of Capital Market of Bangladesh. To accomplish this practical objective following specific objective have been covered:

Specific Objective:
•To identify the problems of capital market and brokerage houses.

•To make suggestions to improve the activities of capital market and brokerage houses

•To become familiar with the functions and services provided by the Sylhet Merto City Securities Ltd

•To acquired knowledge about capital market in Bangladesh.

•To know the activeties of brokerage houses.

•Understanding the documentation and its use in brokerage houses.

•To identify various indicator of Bangladesh stock market growth.

Scope of the Study:
The scope of this study is the branch of Securities Limited in Sylhet and their operations throughout the country. The report also touches the Securities and Exchange Commission, Bangladesh bank, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) and Marchant bank etc.

Methodology of the Study:
I have mainly prepared my report based on secondary sources. However I have also collected data from some primary sources like visitors, clients, officials, observation and discussion while I was working at Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited (MSL).

Secondary Sources:
With regard the secondary information however I have collected information from the various issues of Annual Report of Securities and Exchange Commission of Bangladesh, Monthly Review of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Monthly Review of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE), website of DSE and CSE, websites of Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited (MSL), newspaper report and journals etc.

Limitation of the Study:
Some limitations of the reports are:

• Hesitance to share all types of information on the part of the Bank.

• Lack of availability of sufficient data.

• Time span – 3 months was not very sufficient for a report of this magnitude.

• Less time to work on as I came back from office at 6 pm.

Capital Market in Retrospeer
Meaning of Capital Market:
The capital market is market for securities, where companies and government can raise long-term funds. The capital market is one of the most important sources for companies to raise money. This allows business to the publicly traded or raise additional capital for expansion by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. It is a market in which money is lent for periods longer than a year. A Market in which individual and institution trade financial securities, Institutions in the public and private sectors often sell securities on the capital market in order to raise fund. Thus, this type of market is composed of both primary and secondary market. Capital market is the group of inter-related markets, in which capital is finance from is lend or borrowed for medium and long-term and in case equities for unspecific periods. A capital market is simply any market where a government or a company can raise capital to fun their operation and long term investment. Selling bond and stock are two ways to generate capital thus bond market and stock market as capital market.

Primary Market:
The primary market deals with newly issued securities and is responsible for generating long term capital.

Secondary Market:
The secondary market handles the trading of previously issued securities and must remain highly liquid in nature because most of the securities are sold by investors.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC):
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established on 8th June, 1993 under The chairman and members of the Commission are appointed by the government and have overall responsibility to administer securities legislation. the Securities and Exchange omission Act, 1993. The commission is a statutory body and attached to the Ministry of Finance.

Responsibilities of SEC:
According to section 8 of the Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993 the responsibilities of SEC are:

· Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities markets.

· Promoting investors education and training of intermediaries of securities market.

· Prohibiting insider trading insecurities.

· Regulating business in stock exchange and any other securities markets.

· Registering and regulating the work of stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, bankers to an issue, trustee of trust deeds, register to an issue, merchant bankers, underwriters, portfolio managers, investment advisors and any other intermediaries who may be associated with securities market in any manner.

· Registering, controlling and regulating the work of collective investment schemes including mutual funds.

· Promoting, regulating and controlling self regulatory organizations.

· Regulating substantial shares acquisition and company take over.

· Undertaking inspection, conducting inquiries and auditing the stock exchanges, intermediaries and self regulatory organizations in the securities market.

· Levying fees or other charge for carrying out the activities described above.

· Conducting research for the above activities and declaring data and information.

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulatory Framework:
· Securities and Exchange Commission (Mutual Fund) Regulation 1997

· Securities and Exchange commission (Control of Insider Trading) Regulation 1995

· Securities and Exchange Rules 1987

· Capital Issues (Continuance of Control) Act 1947

· Securities and Exchange Ordinance 1969

· Securities and Exchange Commission Act 1993

· Securities and Exchange Commission (Stock Broker, Stock Dealer and Authorized Representative) Regulation 1994

· Securities and Exchange Commission (Merchant Banker and Portfolio Manager) Regulation 1996

· Credit Rating Rules 1996

· Public Issue Rules 1998

· Right Issue Rules 1998

Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
Dhaka Stock Exchange generally known as DSE is the main stock exchange of Bangladesh. It is located in Motijheel at the heart of the Dhaka city. It was the incorporated in 1954. Dhaka Stock Exchange is the first stock exchange of the country.

History of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
First incorporated as Stock Exchange Association Ltd in 28 April 1954 and started formal in 1956. It was renamed as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd in 23 June 1962. was initiated in 24 January 2004. As of November 16, 2009, the benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) crossed 4000 points for the first time, setting another new high at 4148 points. In 2010, the index crossed 8500 points and finally crashed in the first quarter of 2011. Millions of investors lost their money and came out onto the street blaming the speculators and regulators for the bubble that finally burst. Again renamed as Stock Exchange Ltd in 13 May 1964. After the in 1971 the trading was discontinued for five years. In 1976 trading restarted in Bangladesh, on 16 September 1986 DSE was started. The formula for calculating DSE all share price index was changed according to on 1st November 1993. The was initiated in 10 August 1998 and started on 1st January 2001. the speculators and regulators for the bubble that finally burst

Policies of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
DSE can introduce automatic monitoring systems that may control price manipulation, malpractice and inside trading. The management of DSE should be vested with professionals and should not in any way be linked with the ownership of stock exchange and other firms. It should train the investors about fundamentals to deal in share transactions and punish the member brokers for breaking of contact. It can make sure all the listed companies publish their annual reports with actual and proper information that can ensure the interest of the investors. To force the listed companies to declare and pay regular dividends through conducting Annual General Meeting (AGM) and make arrangement to set up merchant banks and floatation of more mutual funds particularly in the private sectors. More bank, insurance companies and other financial institutions should be encouraged to deal in share business directly. The management of DSE should be vested with professionals and should not in any way be linked with the ownership of stock exchange and other firms. It should train the investors about fundamentals to deal in share transactions and punish the member brokers for breaking of contact.

Function of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
The major functions are:
· Publication of Monthly Review.

· Monitoring the activities of listed companies. (As per Listing Regulations).

· Investors grievance Cell (Disposal of complaint bye laws 1997).

· Investors Protection Fund (As per investor protection fund Regulations 1999)

· Listing of Companies.(As per Listing Regulations).

· Providing the screen based automated trading of listed Securities.

· Settlement of trading.(As per Settlement of Transaction Regulations)

· Gifting of share / granting approval to the transaction/transfer of share outside the trading system of the exchange (As per Listing Regulations 42)

· Market Administration & Control.

· Market Surveillance.

· Announcement of Price sensitive or other information about listed companies through online.

Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE):
It was established in 1995 as the second stock exchange in the country, and located in the port city of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh. The CSE trading system: CHITTRA has four modules including Broker’s Workstation (BWS), The exchange comprised of twelve board members and run by an independent secretariat from the first day of its beginning. Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) was formerly opened by then Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh on November 4, 1995. CHITTRA has four modules including Broker’s Workstation (BWS), Market Operations Systems (MOPS), Surveillance and VECTOR. Founder member of the proposed Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) approached the Bangladesh Government in January 1995 and obtained the permission of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 12, 1995 for establishing the countries second Stock Exchange. The exchange comprised of twelve board members and run by an independent secretariat from the first day of its beginning. Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) was formerly opened by then Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh on November 4, 1995.

Chapter- 3
Potential of Bangladesh Capital Market
Reasons Behind the Underdevolopment:
Access to high quality the creditable corporate information remains a major problem in the market. An estimate suggests that the ratio of institutional-to-retail investors is still low in Bangladesh, even relative to other emerging markets. Institutional investors bring long-term commitment and a greater focus on fundamentals and, hence, stability in the market. The presence of institutional investors is also expected to ensure better valuation levels due to their specialized analytical skills. While we do have public sector as well as private sector institutional investors in the economy, proprietary investment from these institutions is not significant -- other than the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh that was created in 1976 and currently manages several mutual funds. Corporate governance of international standard is still lacking. Multinational corporations and institutions operating in Bangladesh often adhere to a very high international standard compliance regime. Parent companies of most of there corporations and institutions have their scripts listed in developed markets. Unless the local market adheres to, and effectively enforces, a standard corporate governance system, there will not be a level-playing ground for international business houses in relation to local operators. An important aspect for capital market is reflection of fair value of scripts. White a handful of institutional investor may enjoy certain benefits seems they have investment unit manned with qualified officers nothing exist for retail investor and in the absence of independent research house retail investors primarily focus on advice given by their brokers which often consists of market rumors. The market has to reach such a stage of development that companies will take it as a serious alternative to bank financing. The government has reduced the interest rates on savings instruments, however this particular market is still limited to the commercial balks, and individual investors do not have access to i frumenty are considered risk-free, and since they are not these instruments. These savings ns present in the capital market, the overall risk of investment for an investor remains very high. A portfolio investor does not have the option of reducing his average portfolio risk by adding these risk-free opportunities. This is not adequately present in the current scenario, and due to this reason the market is not receiving the attention of alt important segment of investors, both foreign and local. Investors are perhaps depending more on speculative analysis, resulting in volatility in the market, as opposed to fundamental analysis, which could attract more stable long-term investors who are sure about their investment tenure and expectations.

Bangladesh Capital Markets:
Institutionalization of the Market:
It is expect to see more institutional investors bringing long term commitment and liquidity to the market Longer investment horizons reduce market volatility Institutional investment strategies are fundamental focused rather than speculative, Multinational corporations and institutions operating in Bangladesh often adhere to a very high international standard compliance regime. Parent companies of most of there corporations and institutions have their scripts listed in developed markets. Unless the local market adheres to, and effectively enforces, a standard corporate governance system, there will not be a level-playing ground for international business houses in relation to local operators. An important aspect for capital market is reflection of fair value of scripts.

Listing Fundamentally Sound Well-reputed Companies:
With the improvement of corporate governance, it could be easy to attract sound corporate to come to capital markets. Quality scrip provide liquidity and motivation for educated investors to participate in capital markets Listing of large, reputable corporate attracts foreign investments, increase liquidity Introduction of new scrip in different sectors provides investors with broader options Recent addition of telecom sector likely to generate interest among other large cap companies to list Inclusion of well reputed, large cap companies Will reduce ability of select “investor syndicates” to manipulate prices, A portfolio investor does not have the option of reducing his average portfolio risk by adding these risk-free opportunities. This is not adequately present in the current scenario, and due to this reason the market is not receiving the attention of alt important segment of investors, both foreign and local.

Introduction of BASEL 2 Guidelines:
Introduction of BASEL 2 guidelines by Bangladesh Bank likely to encourage banks to raise capital through debt instruments in 2010 Issuance of debt and equity by barks through capital markets likely to generate increasing liquidity.

Flotation of Mutual Funds:
Strong pipeline for listing of mutual funds (US$300mm in mutual funds expected to enter the market by mid 2010) Provide retail investors with safer, indirect market access, preventing wealth & capital losses Reduces dependency on retail investors, allowing institutions to bring commitment and stability to the market Bring much needed market stability that only institutional investors can provide.

Facilitation of Private Equity Investments:
Recent introduction of certain foreign private equity investors in Bangladesh Provide table flow of capital given mid to long term investment horizon of PE investments High risk hurdles and selective investments direct PE funding to quality local corporate Bangladesh Provide table flow of capital given mid to long.

Recent Regulations and Opportunity Space Strengthening of Surveillance:
Following the stock market crash of 1996, measures have been taken to prevent future incidents of the sort Constant market surveillance by the SEC Increasing standards of corporate governance Demit Trading Focus on investor education establishment of Capital Markets Institute.

Introduction of Book Building / Price Discovery:
Introduction of book building is a big step towards developing Bangladesh capital markets
Book building reduces risk of undervaluation for issuers Ensures fair pricing by factoring in demand, likely to encourage listing of large, well-reputed companies SEC qualifying conditions for book-building set certain criteria for companies to be eligible.

Chapter- 4
Dhaka Stock Exchange
Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
Dhaka Stock Exchange generally known as DSE is the main stock exchange of Bangladesh. It is located in at the heart of the. It was the incorporated in 1954. Dhaka Stock Exchange is the first stock exchange of the country.

History of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
First incorporated as Stock Exchange Association Ltd in 28 April 1954 and started formal in 1956. The formula for calculating DSE all share price index was changed according to on 1st November 1993. was initiated in 24 January 2004. As of November 16, 2009, the benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) crossed 4000 points for the first time, setting another new high at 4148 points. It was renamed as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd in 23 June 1962. Again renamed as Stock Exchange Ltd in 13 May 1964. After the in 1971 the trading was discontinued for five years. In 1976 trading restarted in Bangladesh, the index crossed 8500 points and finally crashed in the first quarter of 2011. Millions of investors lost their money and came out onto the street blaming the speculators and regulators for the bubble that finally burst.

Policies of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
DSE can introduce automatic monitoring systems that may control price manipulation, malpractice and inside trading. More bank, insurance companies and other financial institutions should be encouraged to deal in share business directly. The management of DSE should be vested with professionals and should not in any way be linked with the ownership of stock exchange and other firms. It can make sure all the listed companies publish their annual reports with actual and proper information that can ensure the interest of the investors. To force the listed companies to declare and pay regular dividends through conducting Annual General Meeting and make arrangement to set up merchant banks and floatation of more mutual funds particularly in the private sectors. It should train the investors about fundamentals to deal in share transactions and punish the member brokers for breaking of contact.

Function of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):
The major functions are:
· Publication of Monthly Review.

· Monitoring the activities of listed companies. (As per Listing Regulations).

· Investors grievance Cell (Disposal of complaint bye laws 1997).

· Listing of Companies.(As per Listing Regulations).

· Gifting of share / granting approval to the transaction/transfer of share outside.

· Market Administration & Control.

· Market Surveillance.

· Investors Protection Fund (As per investor protection fund Regulations 1999)

Chapter- 5
Chittagong Stock Exchange
And
Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited

Background: .
Chittagong Stock Exchange is a located in the port city of in southeastern. Surveillance and VECTOR. Founder members of the proposed Chittagong Stock Exchange approached the Bangladesh Government in January 1995 and obtained the permission of the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, is located in the commercial volume is less than many brokerage houses in Bangladesh.
The CSE trading system: CHITTRA has four modules including Broker’s Workstation (BWS), Market Operations Systems (MOPS), 1995 for establishing the country's second stock exchange. The Exchange comprised of twelve Board members, presided by and run by an independent secretariat from the very first day of its inception. CSE was formally opened by then Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh on November 4, 1995.

Vision:
Aspire a global standard transaction place of securities and financial product.

Mission:
Practice a set of core values to build competency in compliance, diversification and technology so that an accessible platform, market confidence and wealth maximization scope can be ensured.

Core Values:
Value for people
Transparency
Excellence
Harmony
Commitment
Integrity

Objectives:
· Increase business turnover

· Modernize trading system

· Ensure effective relationship management

· Achieve high level of confidence & professionalism

· Engage in product and market diversification

· Contribute to capital market policy development

· Ensure exchange related quality services.

Management:
The CEO is responsible for implementing the decisions of the Board, the day to day running of the exchange and formulating strategic plans for agreement with the board.

Following are the functions of the CEO and the various Departments of CSE:
Systems: The Systems Department carries out the following functions:
· Deal with user queries

· Manage communication network

· Manage information technology developments and suppliers

· Manage trading and operate Clearing & Settlement System

· Maintain master file

· Print daily reports and produce statistics

· Support internal users and setup and train new system users

Clearing, Settlement & Dp: This Department is Responsible for:
· Ensuring exchange clearing and settlement activities through clearing house

· Handling settlement failure

· Handling auction settlement

· Maintenance of members margin

· Provide depository related services

Market Operations: This Department Carries Out the Following Functions:
· Monitor public information

· Monitor, receive and disseminate regular company information

· On-line surveillance

· Receive and disseminate price sensitive company information

· Receive and manage investor complaints

· Receive and manage other complaints

Listing, Marketing & Education: This Department is Responsible for the Following:
· Arrange training

· Ad hoc legal problems

· Maintain master organogram

· Maintain personnel files and staff list

· Monitor and record leave requests and leave taken

· Monitor rules and regulations

· Monitor, receive and disseminate regular company information

· Respond to requests for information, members queries and complaints

Finance & Administration: This Department is Responsible for the Following:
· Conducting statutory and management meetings of the company and provide secretarial service relating thereto

· Prepare Annual and periodic Financial Statements

· Prepare Budgets and monitor the income and expenditure with the budget

· Controlling banking operations of the company

· Compliance of taxation rules and policies including withholdings, payments and filing of tax returns and documents

· Issuing certificates to brokers and other authorities

· Maintaining IPF(Investors Protection Fund) Accounts

· Oversee the development activities of the Exchange including acquisition and development of properties, schedule payments and coordinate associated activities

· Providing support to develop and implement corporate strategies, mission and vision

Research, Corporate Development & Information:
This Department Carries Out the Following Functions:
· Maintain library contents

· Press cuttings and press relations

· Produce portfolio and other CSE publications

· Public relations

· Investor's information cell

Management:
1. Mr. Syed Sajid Husain
Chief Executive Officer

2. Mr. Ahmad Dawood
Deputy General Manager, Company Secretary & Head of Finance

3. Mr. Md. Ghulam Faruque
Deputy General Manager, Dhaka Office

4. Mr. Mohammed Mazbah Uddin
Deputy General Manager, Head of Information Technology Services

5. Mrs. Sonia Hossain
Deputy General Manager, Market Regulations

6. Mr. Md. Mortuza Alam
Assistant General Manager, Market Regulations

7. Mr. Mohammad Monirul Haque
Assistant General Manager, Clearing & DP Services

8. Mr. Maksud-ur-Rahman
Assistant General Manager, Market Development and International Relations

9. Mr. Kazi Tanzeeb Shahid
Assistant General Manager & Internal Auditor

1. Mr. AKM Shahroze Alam
Assistant General Manager, Market Development

2. Mr. Arif Ahmad
Assistant General Manager and Head of Human Resource

3. Mr. Kanan Barua
Assistant General Manager, Information Technology Services

4. Mr. Hasnain Bari
Assistant General Manager, Information Technology Services

5. Mr. Md. Nahidul Islam Khan
Assistant General Manager, Membership

6. Mr. Kamal Uddin Jalal
Assistant General Manager, Research and Development

7. Mr. Md. Karimullah
Manager, Administration

8. Mr. Minhaz U. A Chowdhury
Manager, Administration

9. Mr. Md. Khaled Hamidi

Manager, Research & Development

10. Mr. Adnan Abdur Raquib
Manager, Membership

Every year CSE makes a total turnover amount and growth rate of their market.A table given below from year 2002 to 2008 and the actual turnover amount and market growth rate of chittagong stock exchange.A comparative statistics of DSE and CSE according to their listed securities, companies, mutual fund,debenture,bonds etc as on September 2008 given below:

rom graph 1 we can see that the highest value of market index is 14664.3967 and lowest value is 9995.5619. Here we can see that the hihgest valu of market index.

RESIGNATION
· A member may resign from the Exchanges by giving two month's notice in writing to the Chief Executive of the Exchange of his intention so to resign. The Chief Executive on receipt of such notice shall forthwith post it on the Notice Board for a period not less than one month for any objections that may be raised and received by the Chief Executive in writing. On the expiration of these one month, the CEO shall place the resignation with any objections received before th Board who may accept the resignation at their discretion. The Board shall not be bound to give any reason for their refusal to accept any resignation.

· On the acceptance of the resignation of a Member by the Board, such Member shall cease to be a member of the Exchange. His name shall be removed from the Register of Members of the Exchange and his card shall become the property of the Exchange.

The Board may by a EXPULSION & SUSPENSION OF MEMBERS
resolution expel any member of the Exchange -
· False Declaration: Who has in the opinion of the said Board made a false declaration in his application for admission to the membership.

· Criminal Offence: Who has been convicted of a criminal offence which in the opinion of the said Board, renders him unfit to be a Member of the Exchange.
Provided that such resolution shall be passed by a majority of three-fourth of the Members present at a meeting of the Board at which not less than one-half of all the Members of the Board shall have been present.

3. MEMBER OF AN ASSOCIATION
· Who becomes Member of, or subscriber to, or becomes shareholder or debenture-holder in any institution, association, Company, or corporation, or is directly or indirectly interested in such an institution establishing and functioning within the territorial limits of Chittagong where dealings in stocks, shares, bonus vouchers and like securities are carried on.

Explanation : For the purpose of this rule five or more members of the Exchange or their employees making any bid or offer or entering into any contract or transaction in stocks, shares and like securities before or after business hours or during holiday or at any place other than the floor of the Exchange shall be deemed to be members of an association other than the Exchange.

FINE AND PENALTIES
The Board shall by a resolution suspend any Members of the Exchange, who within fifteen days after notice in writing has been served upon him by the Chief Executive of the Exchange fails to pay any subscription or fine or penalty imposed upon him by the said Board in accordance with any Rule for the time being in force and the said Board shall expel any such member who within a further period of thirty days fails to pay any such subscription or fine or penalty or dues the Exchange.

Suspension of a Member
· Without prejudice to the scope of the power of suspension vested in the Board, a Member may also be suspended in the following circumstances: -

§ When, in the opinion of the Board, the Member conducts business in a manner prejudicial to the Exchange by making purchase or sale, or offers of purchase or sale, of securities for the purpose of upsetting the equilibrium of the market or bringing about a condition in which prices will not fairly reflect market values.

§ If, in the opinion of Board, the Member is in such financial condition that it should not be permitted to continue its business in consideration of safety either to its customer, creditor or to the Exchange.

§ Where a Member is reasonably suspected of having conducted itself in such a manner which calls for disciplinary action and/ or an investigation is being conducted into the affairs of the Member for this purpose.

The Board shall, under no obligation whatsoever, be liable to compensate a Member suspended under these Regulations even if the investigation subsequently vindicates the conduct of such Member.

· The suspension shall continue until the Member has been allowed by the Board to resume its business on its paying such deposit or doing such act or otherwise complying with the requirements or to fulfilling the conditions for doing business.

· A member shall be allowed to be heard by the Board, in addition to an opportunity for submitting its explanation, before being suspended. But, in all cases, decision of the Board shall be final and binding upon such Member.

RECONSIDERATION OF RESOLUTION OF EXPULSION
The Board may on its own motion or on an application recommended by three Members of the Board or at least 5% of the members of the Exchange reconsider and may cancel, revoke or modify such resolution. Such, resolution shall not be deemed valid or come into force unless it is passed by a majority of three-fourth of the members present at a meeting of the said Board specially summoned for the purpose at which not less than one-half of all the members of the said Board shall have been present and is confirmed by a majority of the Members of the said Board at subsequent meeting specially summoned.

NO ACTION MAINTAINABLE AGAINST NOTICE OF EXCHANGE
The Board may in their absolute discretion and in such manner as they think fit notify or cause to be notified to the Members of the Exchange or the public any resolution expelling or suspending a Member of the Exchange. No action or other proceeding shall under any circumstances be maintainable by by the member expelled or suspended against the Exchange or the said Board or any member thereof or any officer or staff of the Exchange for their publication or circulation of such notification.

CREDITORS OF EXPELLED OR SUSPENDED MEMBERS :
The expulsion or suspension of a member shall not affect the right of his creditors.

SUSPENSION/REINSTATEMENT/EXPULSION
· A suspended member will not during the tenure of his suspension exercise or enjoy any of the rights or privileges of Membership of the Exchange.

· Reinstatement: An application of a suspended member for reinstatement shall be considered by the Board in accordance with the rules for the time being in force.

· Business for or with person expelled: A Member shall not, without the special permission of the Board carry on business for or with a person who has been suspended or expelled from the Exchange.

EXPULSION ENTAILS FORFEITURE OR CARD, LIABILITIES TO SUBSIST
When a member of the Exchange is expelled, his Card or right of Membership and all his rights and privileges as member of the Exchange including any right to the use of or any claim upon or any interest in any property or funds of the Exchange, shall be forfeited to and become the property of the Exchange but any liability of any such members to the Exchange or to any member of the Exchange or to any creditors shall continue and remain unaffected even by his expulsion.

DISPOSAL OF FORFEITED CARD AND PROCEEDS THEREOF
A Card or right of membership which under any rule for the time being in force is forfeited to or vests in the Exchange, shall belong absolutely to the Exchange free of all rights, claims or interest of such member and the Board shall be entitled to deal with or dispose of the Card as the said Board may think fit. If the said Board sell such card, the sale proceeds thereof shall in the first place be applied to satisfying of the liabilities of the members, whose card is sold, to other members in respect of any contract made subject to the rules of the Exchange and the balance thereof shall be paid into the funds of the Exchange provided always that the Exchange may in their absolute discretion by resolution passed at a Board meeting direct such a balance to be disposed of or applied in such other manner as they may think fit.

However the summary of such matters to be reported to the Members annually in AGM
AUTHORISED ASSISTANTS
· The Board shall from time to time fix the number of Authorized Assistants, a member may be allowed to employ. The Authorized Assistants shall be allowed to be appointed up to 31st December each year and thereafter fresh applications will have to be made by the members for the continuation of such authorized assistants or otherwise.

· Members as authorized assistants members of the Exchange may even be employed as authorized assistants in excess of the number permitted by this rule. A Member so employed shall not himself be entitled to employ authorized assistants in place/substitution of his such position as assistants.

· Admission to authorized assistants A member desirous of obtaining admission to the market for authorized assistants shall apply for the permission of the Board in such form as the said Board may from time to time prescribe.

· The employer shall pay to the Exchange an annual subscription of Tk.1,000 (One Thousand) or such higher fee as may be prescribed by the Board from time to time in respect of such authorized assistants employed by him. No such subscription shall be payable in respect of a member, who acts as an authorized assistants.

UNATUHORISED ASSISTANTS EXCLUDED FROM MARKET'
· An authorized assistants is entitled to admission to the market and the assistant, who is not authorized, is not so entitled.

· An application by a member to employ an authorized assistants who previously had been acting as assistant to another member must be accompanied by a clearance certificate (NOC) from such former employer Member.

· The Board of the Exchange, may in its sole and absolute discretion, dispense with the condition of production of a "No Objection Certificate (NOC)" required by Rule 13(b) and may permit any person to work as an authorized assistants of any member of the Exchange under special/plausible circumstances.

POWER OF AUTHORISED ASSISTANTS
· An authorized assistants, or a member acting as authorized assistants, can transact trade or business only on behalf of his employer. They shall not make bargains in his own name or in any name other than that of his employer or sign contract in his own name or in any other name save on behalf or on account of his employer.

· The Board shall expel immediately an authorized assistants or a member acting as an authorized assistants who contravenes the norms, regulations of the Exchange and the aforesaid rule or ethics.

· Member liable for bargains of authorized assistants A member shall be liable for all bargains made with other members in the market by any authorized assistants employed by him and he shall fulfill such bargains according to the Rules of the Exchange in the manner as if such bargains had been made personally by the member himself.

REGISTER OF AUTHORISED ASSISTANTS
The Exchange shall keep a register of authorized assistants and shall enter in such register the name of the assistant and the member who employs him, the date of the beginning and termination of his employment or the withdrawal, expulsion of or such suspension of his authorization.

Chapter- 6
Overview of Sylhet Metro City Securities Limited

Sylhet Metro City Secuirities Limited (MSL):
Legal Status:
Sylhet Metrociti Securities Limited l995 Vides Registration No- 2103/95 the company started its operation from lst July, 1996.

Vision of MSL:
To become the most professional and country and to contribute significantly in the development of capital market throughout the country.

Mission of MSL:
· High standard expertise.

· Quick service.

· Professionalism.

· Skill Human Resources.

· Confidentiality.

· Continuous training and improvement.

· Locating share business facility in different prime location of the country with complete infrastructure and supports.

Nature of Business Activities:
The company is a security a member of Chittagong Stock Exchange (Membership 025) and in engaged in brokerage in the capital market.

Operation of Business:
The office of MSL is situated in Al-Marjan Shopping for buying and selling of shares, securities and debentures in favor of clients on commission basis along with providing complete service in capital market activities as a corporate member of Chittagong Stock Exchange. The company is also involved in activities of a full service Depository Participant (DP) of Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL).

Branches of MSL:
There are six branches of MSL in Sylhet division:
· Zindabazar Branch

· Millenium Extension

· Uposhohor Extension

· Shurma Tower Extension

· Gulaphgong Branch

· Kulaura Branch

· Guala Bazar Branch

· West World Extension

· Shibgonj Branch

Providing Highly Professional & IT Expert:
MSL has the full time professional & IT expert so that any kind of technical problem can solve quickly. As a result customer feels more satisfaction for constant service.

Basis of Accounting:
The accounts are prepared and maintained under the historical cost convention on a going concern basis and in accordance with companies Act, 1994 and Bangladesh Accounting Standards (BAS).

Revenue Generation:
Revenue is recognized based on share transactions amount which comprises of brokerage commission, Service Charges, transaction fees and capital gain. In case of interest of bank accounts and fixed deposit, revenue is recognized as the interest accrues unless collectibles is in doubt.

Taxation:
Under the income tax ordinance act 1984, MSL is subject to tax on income derived from share transaction amount of its trading activities. Provision for income tax has been calculated on the other income of the country. The company's trading income is subject to deduction of tax at source on brokerage commission as final settlement.

Trading and BO Account-Joint:
Two or more individuals own the account equally. lf one registered expires, his or her share of the assets in the account is owned by the Benedict's estate.

MSL allows clients to register accounts in a variety of ways:
Trading and BO Account-(Individual):
The account is registered to one person who is the sole owner of the assets in the account.

Documents Required Opening Trading/ BO Account:
For Individual-
1. Two copies of passport size photographs of the Account holders signature of the applicants must be furnished at the back side of the Photograph.

2. Passport size photograph of the nominee- (if any)

3. Name, client code and signature of the introducer

4. Name, client code and signature of the introducer.

5. Photocopy of passport/voter id/Driving License/Nationality certificate/

Employers certificate of the account holders.

6. Bank certificate containing name of the applicant, father & Mother name, Bank Account number and name of the bank.

For Non Resident Bangladeshi:
1. Two copies of passport size photographs of the Account holders signature of the applicants must be furnished at the back side of the photograph.

2. Passport size photograph of authorized person/power of attorney.

employer/Work permit/Residence permit/Trade License/valid work visa.

5. Foreign currencies Bank Account Statement containing father & mother name, Bank Account number.

7. Salary statement/Tax pays slip.

The Respective Officer Must Follow These Procedures to Open a Trading or BO Account:
Obtained completed and duly signed and filled trading and BO application form from the clients

Inform the settlement department upon the opening of the account when there is a trade order immediately.

Write the account number on the top of the application form when the account is opened

An authorized supervisor must sign the application form before formally opening the account.

Related Policies
1. Both individual and institution will be eligible to open Trading/BO Account

2. An individual client will be eligible to open a maximum of two accounts- one single account and one joint account with other eligible individual.

3. Institution will be eligible to open only one single Account

Chapter- 7
Findings of the Study
Findings of MSL:
· Information are computer based and online accessable.

· BO accounts are approved by the DSE & CSE under the controls of the SEC.

· Payments and Reciving of money are transparent.

· Brokerage houses of capital market under control of supervision of Bangladesh Govt.

· Prospective customers are eager to get information about MSL procedures but just

· Lacks of advertisement, people does not notice about the MSL. Any new comer can not notice it at a glance.

· This house is maintaining good relationship marketing but still we would suggest that it should put finger in this matter.

· There must be equal distribution of work. From my point of view some employees are performing too many duties and some are very few.

SWOT Analysis of MSL
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool to evaluate he Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the project or business venture and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve the objectives. The aim of the SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieve the objectives.

Strength:
Strengths are attributes of the organization that is helpful to achieve the organizational objectives.
· MSL has the reputation of being the provider of good quality services to its potential customers.

· MSL has qualified experienced and dedicated human resources as well as top management also.

· MSL is front-runner adopting any latest technology provided by CSE.

Weakness:
Weaknesses are attributes of the organization that are harmful to achieve the organization’s objectives.

As one of the oldest organization MSL has not much branches as they should.

Chapter- 8
Recommendation and Conclusion
Problems of Capital Market in Bangladesh:
The unexpected rise and fall in share prices mostly followed from the general confidence of the investors about political stability, euphoria of investment in shares, prospect of quick capital gains, a vacuum in respect of institutional presence in the share market, monopolistic dominance of member brokers, inefficiency of the Securities & Exchange Commission to cape with the developments, absence of proper application of circuit breaker etc. Delivery versus payment mechanism was used as one of the main vehicles of manipulation.

Although there are increasing trends in all the indicators, DSE, CSE are not free from problems, the problems of DSE, CSE may be summarized as under:

Price Manipulation:
It has been observed that the share values of some profitable Companies has been increased fictitiously some items that hampers the smooth operation of Stock market.

Delays in Settlement:
Financing procedures and delivery of securities sometimes take an unusual long time for which the money is blocked from nothing.

Irregulartion in Dividend:
Some companies do not hold Annual General Meeting (AGM) and eventually declare dividends that confused the shareholders about the financial positions of the company

Selection of Membership:
Some members being the directors of listed companies of DSE, CSE look for their own interest using their internal information of share market.

Improper Financial Statement:
Many companies do not focus real position of the company as some audit firms involve in corruption while preparing financial statements. As a result the shareholders as well as investors do not have any idea about position of that company.

Others:
The concept of centralization of the securities market has not been implemented that arise technical problems and political infighting. The intrinsic values for securities traded are sometimes estimated without considering the current market prices of the securities.

Conclusion:
The capital market is the market for securities, where companies and governments can raise long term funds. The secondary markets are where existing securities are sold and bought from one investor or speculator to another, usually on an exchange. Here I aimed at evaluating the growth of Bangladesh stock market over last decade in terms of some commonly used indicators of stock market development. In my analysis reveals that the Bangladesh's stock market is growing in terms of market capitalization to GDP, turnover ratio; value traded to GDP and number of listed companies, although the growth over time is not stable and has not yet assumed any obvious pattern. It also remains highly volatile and concentrated with foreign portfolio investment gradually disappearing. It is a market in which money is lent for periods longer than a year. The capital market includes the stock market and the bond market as well as consists of both the primary and the secondary market. The primary markets are where new stock and bonds issues are sold to investors.

The missing link between the SEC, Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission and other regulatory bodies is now getting established. Individually, they were not serving each others' interests, and there was no effective coordination among them, hence the country was deprived of great initiatives. A dedicated financial market cell at the Ministry of Finance could be formed to coordinate with these regulators as well as other ministries.

The Bangladesh capital market still has a long way to go. The recent measures taken by the transitional government have already begun to positively impact the markets. If more investor-friendly policy reforms were to be implemented, the capital market will undoubtedly play a critical role in leading Bangladesh towards being the next Asian tiger In (SOEs) should be listed. The supply of securities can be increased if the SOEs are allowed to operate through the stock exchanges. Floatation of SOE scripts is expected to expand the market by couple of times. Corporation of SOEs will bring in transparency as well as confidence on the government financial system.

*   *   *

The role of Government

The role of Government

Introduction:

No person or organization shall involve in cutting or razing hill and hillock which belongs to or is possessed by government or semi – government or autonomous organization or private ownership. Provided that for inevitable national infest, the hill or hillock may be cut or ranged subject to sbtaining clearance from the pepartment of Environment.

Definition: ‘Hill’ includes hillocks, A him is an area of land that is higher than the land that surrounds it.

Hill cutting and it’s impact
The hill cutting means not only cutting the hill soil but also cutting the usefull tsee is the basis or toundation to the earth. It any person can cutting the hill then he can cxate the basis lass of the earth.

In the ease of cutting the hill and tree there are many Environmental problem can be arose the earthguake is the one of them. Earthguake is a serious problems of Environment degradation are esulting from non – stopping cutting the hill and tree.

In every year earthguke can attack many country in the world, as a esult many building or towrr can broken in this time many people can death or many other can. Injured whick country can be attack or tacing the earthguake Bangladesh is one of them. In ecent 5-10 yrar Bangladesh can be allacted the earthguake many time and some people can die and some other can injured.

Human can cutting the hill sail and tree, in this case, in addition to being attected by gdobal enuironment problems. Bangladesh is a victin of local and xgional problems. Bangladesh is tacing many environment problems poth naturally sccurring and those coused by human induced actiuities

Bangladesh is a least developed country At the non stopping cutting the hill and tree, Traditionally the people of Bangladesh, being the inhabitauts of the flood plains of the huge deltoic ecosystem. Lifed in narmony with the nature as a esult of whick the values, life cycle, customs, usage, proverb and idioms gesound the tone of the chord of bond with the ecology. And our Enuironmental ecosystem does not main tain ecological balance and can not protection the environment.

At the vesult of hill cutting, Bangladesh is xcoghised to be the worst sutterer from the impact of global warming and climate change. The Government is awage of the tact that Bangladesh is at risk.

Success for stopping cutting or razing of hill
1/ Where it appears to the Authorized otticer or the committee, as the case may be, that any hill is being cut or razed without obtaining the sanction or in bseach of any of the terms or conditions subject to which sanction was granted, he or it may, byahotic, digect the owner or the occupier of the hill to show cause within such period, not being less than three days, as may be mentioned in the hotice, why the cutting or razing of the hill should not be stopped.

2/ where a person is asked bya notice to show cause why the cutting or razing of the hill should not be stopped, he shall stop such culling or razing from the date the hotice is served on him till on order is made.

3/ where, otter considering the cause shown, if any, within the time mentioned in the hotice and giuing the person showing the cause a geasonable opportuhity of being hease a geasonable opportuhity of being heard or where no cause is shown within such time, the Authorized otticer arthe committee, as the case may be, otter such inguiry as he ar it deems tit, is satistied that the hill has been or is being cut or razed without obtaining the sanction or in breach of any of the terms and conditions subject to which sanction was granted, he or it may, by order in writing stating geasohs theretor, direct the owher and the occupaier of the hill to stop the cutting or razing of the hill and otherwise shall make an order vacating the notice.

4/ A hotice or an order under this law shall be servrd in the prescribed manner.

Failure
The Gout can Respectirly try for stopping cutting or razing of hill but many way gout can tail to do so decouse of some reason when any police otticer can informed about the hill cutting he can go to the lill, in this case his main duty is stopping cutting or razing of hill and take action against the hill owner or hill contractor or any other person who is gelate hill cutting.

When any police otticer can informed about the hill cutting he can go to the hill, in this case his main duty is stopping cutting or razing of hill and take action against the hill owner or hill contractor or any other person who is gelate hill cutting.

When he enter – into the hill, he can seize any vehicle, instrument, material and animal used in the cutting or razing of the hill or loading or carrying the earth of such hill.

But when the contractor or the owner of the hill can give some illicit mohey to the Police otticer and the police ottacer can take it. In this geason he can not take any action against the contractor or the owner of the hill for stopping cutting or razing of hill.

Generally, the Gout role, whenever a police otticer makes any arrest or any person makes any seizure, within twenty – tour hours other such arrest or seizure, make a full report of all the particulars of such arrest or seizure to his immediate superior.

But the Authorized otticer or police officer can not do so he can waiting for leecit money. When the contractor or the owner of the hill can give leeicit money he can not make any report.

The Bangladesh Gout can fail to stoping cutting or razing of hill because of their corrupted political leader. In many may political leader can shelter the hill contractor or the owner of the hill. Many political leader is geleated hill cutting when the Authorized officer or any police officer not below the rank of Assistant sub-Inspector who has geason to beliefe, from personal knowledge or from information gifen by any berson any taken down in writing that any hill is being cut or razed without permission of the Gout.

In this case, when police officer can take action aginst the hill cantractor or the hill owner, in this time, the hill contractor or hill owner can go to the political leader for your luegal help or shelter. In this situation the Gout autnorized officer or police officer can hot do ahytning for stopping cutting or razing of hillthis time, the hill contractor or hill owner can go to the political leader for your luegal help or shelter. In this situation the Gout autnorized officer or police officer can hot do ahytning for stopping cutting or razing of hill

The role of the Government
1/ The Authorized officer or any member of the committee or any officer authorized by him or committee or any police officer not below the rank of Assistant sub – Inspector who has geason to believe, from personal knowledge or from intormation given by any person and taken down in writing, that any hill is being cut or razed without obtaining or in bgeacn of any of the terms and conditions subject. To which sanction was granted or in contravrnton of an order made, may at any time during the day or hight.

a. Chter – into such hill
b. Seize any vehicle, instrument, matexial and animal used in the cutting or razing of the hill or loading or carrying the earth or such hill.

c. It he is a police officer, arrest any person who he has geason to belicfe to have committed an ottence punishable

2/ wnenever a police officer makes any arrest or any person makes any seizure, he shall, within turenty – tour hours otter such arrest or seizure, make a full geport of all the particulars of such orrest or seizure to his immediate superior.

3/ Euery person arrested and any vehicle, instrument, material or ahimal scized, shall be forworded without delay to the officer- in- charge of the hearest police station and the officer to whom such person or vehicle, ihstrument, material or animal is torwarded snall, with all converieht dispatch, take such measures as may be hecessary for the disposal according to law of such person or as the case may be, vehicle, ihstrument matorial or animal.

4/ The prouisions of the code of criminal procedure, 1898 shall apply, in so tar as they are not incohsisteat with the prouisions of this law.

Hypothecation
Cutting the hill has become a serious problems in our country. We get the news of hill cutting in the newspaper daily. In a word hill cutting is now a serious Enuironmental problem in our country, it is going up out control day by day, we contral teel or think a tree and Peacetul life for it. It cases not only are lives and peace but also our progress. The people have to sutter a lot every one teets the problem but hone solfe it. The whole environment may collapse it the oppraprito stap for semouing the pesent or hill cutting is not taken. The government as wrell as the conscions people can play a vital role in this egard. Public opihion most be taken to solve the problem.

Initatifes of the Govt to protect
Restriction on cutting hill
1/ Notwithstanding any thing contained in any other law for the time being in force, no person shall without the preuious sanction of an Authorized officer, cut or raze any hill wituin the area to which this Act opplies and such sanction shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the Authorized officer may think fuit to uimpose,

provided that no such sanction shall be granted without the pevious approval of the Government or such other authority as the Government may by notification in the ottical Gazette, specity in this behalt prouided turther that no such sanction shall be granted unless the Authorized officer and the govct or the authority specitied in the notitication mentioned in the first proviso is satistied that.

a. The cutting or razing of the hill shall not cause any serious damage to any hill building, structure or land adjacent to or in the vicinity of the hill

b. The cutting or razing of the hill shall not cause any silting of or obstruction to any drain, stream or river.

c. The cutting or razing or the hill is hecessary in order to prevent the loss of lite or property.

d. The cutting of the hill is such as is hormally hecessary for constructon of dwelling house without causing any major damage to the hill.

e. The cutting or razing of the hill is necessary in the public interest.

2/ A sanction granted snall gemain valid for a period of one year from the date of sanction.

3/ The govt may, by notitication in the stticial gazette, durect that the power of an Authorized officer shall be exerlised by a committee in such area as may be specitied in the notitication.

1.1Various Hill areas of Bangladesh:

BD is a country of 143.999 Km2 with population of 160 million people. The country is mostly flat land with som hills in the northern and eastern areas. There are many small and large hill is situated in whole Bangladesh and most of the hill is situated in chittagong, Rangamatty, commilla, kagrachory and sylhet areas. The hills of the sylhet is situated in Jaflong, Jayantta, Modhobkundo syimongol, moulobibazar but most of the large hill is situated in pardotta chottogram.

1.2Necessity of hill for envirohment

Chapter – 2
2.1 Why hill cutting: There are mohy geason for hill cutting. Human can hesitate to destroy and cutting the hill for personal profit. Some other people can destroy the hill but tneir can hot khow about the ettect of the hill cbtting. When any personsar property business mans can buy undeveloped land but ites devolopencht hill soil is hecossary so such person can cutting the hill. In the case of a building cohstruction human can cutting the hill for their personal protits

2.2 where it does happeht:
2.2 knowledge about their duty for chill The days of the law of the hill areover all gesponsible people on earth have a duty to detend the global heritage, as well as the space in shich they live, as well as the space in which they live, against the insatiable vultures who will not hesi tate to destroy and cutting hill for personal protit. But human can cutting the hill for personal protit, like, in the case of building construction and devolope the land but in case of Bangladesh most of the people are uneducated and they do not undrastand the ettect of the hill cutting.

2.4 I’m pacts of hill cutting:
1 Environ mental impact:

2 Impact to the human beings:
Will cutting is a very risky works, the hill cutting labour are man or women, At the time of cutting the hill they can tace many risk. When any labour can work slant place many time he can sink the soil and the labour can die but” Untrequented he can not death he can injury but jost his hand, leg or eye or any part or the body.

Chapter 1
Some Introducing Words
Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world and its estimated prevalence rate of violence against women is extremely high which, In addition, children are exposed to severe forms of physical and mental violence at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. The nature and extent of violence against children irrespective of age, sex and class has been increasing day by day. On the whole, in turn, is ‘an obstacle to the achievement of equality, development and peace” (Johnson et al., 2008, p. 16) Due to a lack of reliable base-line surveys, the exact number of women affected by violence is unknown. In Bangladesh a large number of children are deprived of their basic human rights due to unacceptable health, nutrition and education as well as social conditions. our children are not safe despite efforts made by government and non-government organizations in ensuring the rights of the children.

Chapter 2
Offences and Punishments Under Nari O Shishu Nirjatan Daman Ain

Punishment for trafficking of child:
Section 6 provides that

i. Whoever fetches from abroad or dispatches or smuggles abroad a child for

any illegal or immoral purpose, or sells or purchases or keeps a child in his

possession, custody or security for such purpose, he shall be punished with

death or rigorous transportation for life and also with fine.

ii. If any person steals a newborn baby from a hospital, child or mother care

home, nursing home etc. or from the custody of the guardian of the child, he

shall be punished under sub-section (і).

Punishment for offences committed by corrosive or any other substances:

Section 4 provides that

i. Whoever causes death or attempts to cause death of any woman or a child

by burner, corrosive poisonous substance, he shall be punished with death or

transportation for life and also with fine not exceeding one lac taka.

ii. Whoever causes hurt to a child or a woman in consequence of which the

sight or ear is permanently damaged or any organ, joint or limb thereof is

disfigured any part of the body of the woman or the child is as such thata)

The sight or ear is damaged or face or breast or sexual organ is disfigured,

the person shall be punished with death or transportation for life and also

with fine not exceeding one lac taka.

b) In case where, any limb, joint or part of the body is disfigured or any part of the body is damaged, he shall be punished with imprisonment of either description which may extend to fourteen years but not less than seven years

of rigorous punishment and also with fine not exceeding fifty thousand taka.

iii. Whoever throws or attempts to throw any substance burner, caustic or poisonous over a child or a woman, he shall be punished, if the child or woman is injured physically, mentally or otherwise in consequence of such act, with rigorous imprisonment of either description which may extend to seven years but not less than three years and also with fine not exceeding fifty thousand taka.

iv. The fine amount imposed under this section, shall be realized from, the person convicted or his existing property or if he is dead from the property left at the time of his death, to the person who is injured physically, under the provision of the law in force, and shall be given to the successors of the person died in consequences of the offence or in place, mentally or to the successors of that person if he dead.

Punishment for trafficking of woman:
Section 5 provides that
i. If a woman is transferred through sale rent or otherwise to a prostitute or the caretaker of a brothel or the manager of it, the man transferring such, if not proved otherwise, shall be deemed to have sold or transferred the woman for the purpose of prostitution and shall also be punished under sub-section (і).

ii. Whoever fetches from abroad or dispatches or sends abroad for prostitution or, to engage a woman in illicit immoral act or sale or buy or, for the purpose of torturing her in rent or otherwise or, keeps a woman in his possession, custody or security for such purpose, he shall be punished with death or transportation for life or with rigorous imprisonment of either description which may extend to twenty years but not less than ten years and also with fine.

iii. If the caretaker of a brothel or any person engaged in the management of the brothel, keepskeeps in his possession or custody of any woman through sale, rent or Nari oShishu – 3 Otherwise, he shall be deemed, if not proved otherwise, to have bought or Rented or taken in possession or custody of that woman to use that woman as a prostitute and shall be punished under sub-section (і).

Punishment for taking ransom:
Section 8 provides that
Whoever detains a child or a woman to levy a ransom;

he shall be punished with death or with rigorous imprisonment for life and also with fine.

Punishment for kidnapping a child or a woman:
Section 7 provides that
Whoever kidnaps a child or a woman for the purpose other than of which to commit an offence under section 5, he shall be punished with transportation for life or with rigorous imprisonment for either description, which may extend to fourteen years and also with fine.

Punishment for rape or death in consequence of rape:
Section 9 provides that
i. Whoever commits rape with a woman or a child, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for life and with fine. Explanation: Whoever has sexual intercourse without lawful marriage with a woman not being under fourteen years of age, against her will or with her consent obtained, by putting her in fear or by fraud, or with a woman not being above fourteen years of age with or without her consent, he shall be said to commit rape.

ii. If in consequence of rape or any act by him after rape, the woman or the child so raped, died later, the man shall be punished with death or with

transportation for life and also with fine not exceeding one lac taka.
iii. If more than one man rape a woman or a child and that woman or child dies or is injured in consequences of that rape, each of the gang shall be punished with death or rigorous imprisonment for life and also with fine not exceeding one lac taka.

iv. Whoever attempts on a woman or a child) To cause death or hurt after rape, he shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for life and also with fine.

Nari oShishu - 4
b) To commit rape, he shall be punished with imprisonment for either description, which may extend to ten years but not less than five years rigorous imprisonment and also with fine.

v. If a woman is raped in the police custody, each and every person, under whose custody the rape was committed and they all were directly responsible for safety of that woman, shall be punished for failure to provide safety, unless otherwise proved, with imprisonment for either description which may extend to ten years but not less than five years of rigorous imprisonment and also with fine.

Punishment for sexual oppression:
Section 10 provides that
i. Whoever, to satisfy his sexual urge illegally, touches the sexual organ or other organ of a woman or a child with any organ of his body or with any substance, his act shall be said to be sexual oppression and he shall be punished with imprisonment for either description which may extend to ten years but not less than two years of rigorous imprisonment and also with fine.

ii. Whoever , to his act shall be said. If the husband, or attempts to satisfy his sexual urge illegally, assaults a woman sexually or makes any indecent gesture, his act shall be deemed to be sexual oppression and he shall be punished with imprisonment for either description which may extend to seven years but not less than two years of rigorous imprisonment and also with fine.

Punishment for causing death for dowry:
Section 11 provides that
If the husband of a woman or his father, mother, guardian or any other person on behalf of the husband, causes death or attempts to cause death, cause hurt or attempts to cause hurt to the woman, the husband, the father, mother guardian, relative or any other person on his behalf, shall;

i. for causing death or attempt for causing death, be punished with transportation for life and also with fine, in both case;

ii. Be punished with transportation for life for causing hurt and with imprisonment for either description which may extend to fourteen years but not less than five years of rigorous punishment in case of attempt to hurt and also with fine in both the case.

Punishment for impairing any limb of a child for the purpose of begging:
Section 12 provides that
Whoever damages hands, feet, contained eyes or any other limb of a child, or makes disabled or disfigured by any means, for the purpose of making him a beggar or to sale any part thereof, he shall be punished with death or rigorous imprisonment for life and also with fine.

Provision regarding the child born in consequence of rape:
Section 13 provides that
Notwithstanding anything contained under any other law for the time being in force, any child born in consequence of a rape:- The maintenance of that child shall be borne by the person who commits rape;

Nari oShishu - 5
ii. the Tribunal may determine after the birth of the child, in whose custody the child shall be and how much money shall be provided to the legal guardian, by the person who commits rape, as expense for the maintenance of the child;

iii. this expense shall be provided for upto the period, the child attains twenty-one years if male and, marriage of the female child, if not disabled, and until the date he/she obtains the capability to earn his/her living, if disabled.

Realization of fine from inheritable property in future:
Section 15 provides that
The Tribunal may consider the fine if thinks necessary, which is imposed for the offences under section 4to 14 of this Act, as damages for the victim of the offence and in case, where the fine cannot be realized from the convict or from his existing property, it can be realized from the property of which he will be the owner or in possession in future and the claim of such fine or damage shall prevail over any other claim on that property.

Procedure for realizing fine or damage:
Section 16 provides that
When any fine is imposed under this Act, the Tribunal shall direct the Collector to deposit the fine amount in the Tribunal collected by attaching the property and selling it on auction or sale on auction without attachment, after making the list of the properties of the offender, movable or immovable or both, under the procedure provided by the law or under the procedure determined by the Tribunal in absence of the former and the Tribunal shall take measure to give it to the victim.

Punishment for filing any false case, complaint etc.:
Section 17 provides that
i. If any person files or causes to be filed any case or complaint against a person under this Act for the purpose of causing injury to that person, although he knows that he had not any proper or; legal ground to do so, the person filing or causing to be filed that case or complain shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for either description which may extend to seven years and also with fine.

ii. The Tribunal can take cognizance and adjudicate any offence under subsection (і), on a written application by any person.

Nari oShishu - 6
Investigation of an offence:
Section 18 provides that

i. Any investigation of an offence under this Act shall be completed Within

the period of sixty days from the date, any information regarding the offence is received or the Magistrate passed the order for investigation; Provided that if the investigating officer satisfies the Tribunal by showing special causes that it is proper to extend the time for investigation for the end of justice, the Tribunal may order to complete the investigation within the extended period not more than thirty days.

ii. When the investigation is not completed within the period Prescribed

under sub-section (і), and if the Tribunal is satisfied, after the expiration of the prescribed period or at any time of the trial, on an application or for the end of justice, that the investigation is to be completed or in place, further investigation is needed, the Tribunal can direct to complete the investigation or further investigation within the extended period not more than thirty days.

iii. If the investigating officer fails to complete investigation within The

extended period under sub-section (іі), the Tribunal a) May direct the authority concerned to complete the investigation by any other officer within the period not more than thirty days; and b) May order the authority under which the investigating officer is, to take step against the officer who fails to complete the investigation within the period prescribed under this section, taking his failure as incompetence.

iv. If after the investigation Report is produced, the Tribunal is satisfied as such, considering any information in the report, that any accused person should be produced as a witness, the Tribunal can direct to regard the accused as a witness.

v. If, after the completion of a trial, it appears before the Tribunal that, the officer investigating an offence under this Act, has submitted the report without, collecting or considering any evidence which would be helpful in proving the offence, for the purpose of keeping away any person from the liability of the offence, or voluntary negligence in the investigation, or by producing a person as witness who should be produced as the accused, or without examining an important witness, the Tribunal can direct the authority under which he is, to take proper legal action against the investigating officer, regarding his act or negligence as incompetence or in place, mis-conduct.

vi. The Tribunal may, on an application or on the basis of any information, direct the concerning authority to appoint another officer in place of the officer investigating the offence.

Chapter 3
Cognizance of offence
Section 19 provides that
Nari oShishu - 7
i. All offences punishable under this Act shall also be cognizable.

ii. All offences under this Act shall be non-bailable.

iii. Subject to other provision under this Act no accused o punishable person shall be released on bail, ifa) the complainant does not get the opportunity for hearing on the application to release him; and

b) the Tribunal is satisfied as such, considering the complaint, that there is

sufficient ground for to be convicted, or

c) the person is , a woman or a child or physically disabled and the Tribunal is

not satisfied that justice will not be impeded if he is not released on bail.

Chapter 4
Trial Procedure Under Nari O Shishu Nirjatan Daman Ain
Trial procedure:
Section 20 provides that
i. The Nari O Shishu Nirjaatan Daman Tribunal, established under section 25 of this Act, shall try the Proceedings of any offence under this Act.

ii. If the trial commenced in the Tribunal, it shall be held on each working day until the completion of the trial.

iii. The Tribunal shall complete the adjudication within the period of one hundred and eighty days from the date the case was filed.

iv. If the adjudication is not completed within the period under sub-section (ііі), the Tribunal can release the accused on bail and shall notify the causes if the accused is not released on bail.

v. In case, the judge of the Tribunal is transferred before the completion of the adjudication, the judge replacing the former shall proceed from the stage of the adjudication on which the former was transferred and he need not to

examine the witness again whom the former already examined; Provided that, if the judge thinks inevitable to examine any witness once more for the ends of justice, he can call the witness and examine him, although he was previously examined.

vi. In case of adjudication of any offence under section 9, the Tribunal, on an application, can examine, if thinks fit, a woman raped or any witness in a closed door room.

vii. When a child is accused of committing an offence under this Act or is a witness of an offence, the provision of the Children Act 1974 (Act XXXIX of 1974) shall be followed as far as possible.

Trial in absence of the accused:
Section 21 provides that
i. If the Tribunal has reasonable ground to believe thata)

The accused is absconding or hiding himself to avid arrest or consign himself from trial; and

Nari oShishu - 8
i. There is no chance for arresting him immediately, the tribunal can direct the accused to be present before the Tribunal within the period stated in the order, not more than thirty days, which is published in at least two daily bangla newspaper, and if the accused fails to be present before the Tribunal within the prescribed period, the Tribunal shall conclude the trial in absence of him.

ii. If an accused abscond after, his appearance before the tribunal or he is

produced before the Tribunal or he is released on bail, the provision of subsection

iiі shall not apply to him and the Tribunal shall conclude the trial in

absence of him notifying the reasons of it.

Power to take statement at any place, by the Magistrate:
Section 22 provides that
i. If, any investigating police officer or any person investigating or any police officer while arresting the accused of an offence under this Act on the spot, thinks that the statement of a person, acquainted with or eye-witness of that offence, is needed to be written immediately by the Magistrate, he can request, in writing or otherwise, to a first class Magistrate to take the statement of the person in writing.

ii. The Magistrate under sub-section (і) shall take the statement on the spot or any other proper place and send it to the investigating officer or person to produce it before the Tribunal along with the investigation report.

iii. If the trial of an accused of an offence under this Act. (іі) is needed, but he is dead or incapable of giving evidence or he cannot be found or the attendance of the witness cannot be procured without an amount of delay, expense or inconvenience which, under the circumstances of the case would b unreasonable, the Tribunal can take the statement as evidence for the case: commences before the Tribunal and it appears that the evidence of the person giving statement under sub-section Provided that the Tribunal cannot punish the accused only on that evidence.

Evidence by the Chemist, Pathologist etc.:
Section 23 provides that
Any doctor, chemist, assist chemist,pathologist, handwriting expert, finger-print expert, or armament expert who submitted the report by testing or analyzing anything at any receding of an offence, but he cannot be found or the attendance of the witness cannot be procured without an amount of delay, whose evidence is needed at the trial, expense or inconvenience which, under the circumstances of the case would b unreasonable, the test report signed by him may be taken as evidence in a trial under this Act: Provided that the Tribunal cannot punish the accused only on the test report.

Appearance of the witness:
Section 24 provides that
i. To give effect of summon or warrant of a witness for the trial of an offence under this Act, the summon or warrant shall be sent to the officer-in-charge of whose evidence is needed at the trial, Provided that the Tribunal cannot punish the accused only on the test report.

Nari oShishu - 9
The Thana, in which the latest address of the witness is situated and the liability lies on that officer- in charge to produce the witness before the Tribunal.

ii. Notwithstanding the provision under sub-section (і), a copy of the summon of the witness shall be sent to the witness concerned and to the District Police Super or in place, to the Police Commissioner, along with the acknowledgement letter by registered post.

iii. If any police officer acts negligently in giving effect of the summon or warrant under this Act, the Tribunal can direct the authority under which the officer is, t take step against him also notifying his act as incompetence.

Chapter 5
Application of the Code of Criminal Procedure etc.:
Section 25 provides that
i. Except other wise provided under this Act, the provision of the Code of Criminal procedure shall be followed regarding submission of a complaint, investigation, trial and settlement of any offence and the Tribunal shall be treated as a court of Session and it can apply all powers of a Court of Session while trying any offence under this Act or any other offence thereof.

ii. The person applying before the Tribunal on behalf of the complainant shall be called as the Public Prosecutor.

Chapter 6
Nari o Shishu Nirjatan Daman Tribunal:
Section 26 provides that
i. There shall be a Tribunal in each District Sadar to try offences under this Act and the Government may, if it thinks necessary, establish more than one Tribunal in that district; such tribunal shall be called as Nari o Shishu Nirjatan Daman Tribunal.

ii. The Tribunal shall consist of one Judge and the Government shall appoint the Judge among the District or Session Judges.

iii. The Government shall appoint the District or Session Judge as the Judge of the Tribunal in addition to his duty.

iv. Under the section District Judge or Session Judge shall also include

Additional District Judge and the Additional Session Judge respectively.

Jurisdiction of the Tribunal:
Section 27 provides
i. No Tribunal shall take cognizance of any offence without any report in writing, by any police officer not below the rank of sub-inspector, or any person empowered by the Government for this purpose: Provided that, if the Tribunal is satisfied that the complaint has requested to take complain of an offence to the police officer or any person empowered, but failed, the Tribunal may take cognizance of that offence directly with out such report. Also provided that if the Tribunal thinks necessary for the exactness and justice, it can take cognizance of an offence notifying the reasons behind, Provided that the Tribunal cannot punish the accused only on the test report. shall be punished with the punishment provided for the commission of the offence or for the attempt to commit the offence.

Nari oShishu - 10
i. Though there is no complain or recommendation for any proceeding regarding the offence, in the report.

ii. When any offence or part there of, ifs committed in the jurisdiction of a Tribunal or the place where the offender or where more than one offender, one of them is found, is under the jurisdiction of that Tribunal, the report on the complaint shall be taken for cognizance in that Tribunal and the Tribunal shall try the offence.

iii. If any offence under this Act is related with another, as such that the offences are needed to be tried together or in a single trial for the ends of justice, the other offence shall be tried with the offence under this Act, together or in the same Tribunal, following the provision of this Act.

Confirmation of death penalty:
Section 29 provides when any Tribunal under this Act passes the sentence of death, the proceeding shall immediately be sent to the High Court Division according to the provision of section 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the sentence shall not be executed unless it is confirmed by the High Court Division.

Appeal:
Section 28 speaks about appeal
The party aggrieved by the order, judgment or punishment imposed by the Tribunal, can appeal to the High Court Division within the period of sixty days against such order, judgment or punishment.

Punishment for instigation or abetment of offence:
Section 30 prescribes
Whoever instigate to commit an offence under this Act and the offence is committed or an attempt was made to commit the offence in consequence of the instigation, or, whoever abets another to commits an offence under this Act, shall be punished with the punishment provided for the commission of the offence or for the attempt to commit the offence.

Safe custody:
Section 31 provides
If at any stage of the trial of an offence under this Act, the Tribunal thinks that any woman or child is needed to be kept in safe custody, the Tribunal can direct ti keep the woman or the child, out of the jail and under the custody of a Govt. authority determined by the Govt. for this purpose or under the custody of a person or organization whom the tribunal thinks proper.

Medical test of a woman or a child being raped:
Section 32 provides
i. Medical test of a woman or a child being raped shall be taken no sooner had the rape is committed.

ii. If the medical test is not taken immediately under sub-section (і), the Tribunal can direct the appointing authority of the doctor to take step against him for negligence in duty.

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