Functional English
Chapter- 1
Nature of law
1.1 Law is a system of rules and guidelines it shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It is , however , not possible to confine positive law to the land.
1.2 In the widest sense there are many kinds of law, and salmon mentions the following as sufficiently important and distinct to deserve separate mention and examination: (1) Imperative law; (2) Physical of or scientific Law; (3) Natural or Moral law; (4) Convectional law; (5) Customary law; (6) Practical or Technical Law; (7) International law or the Law of Nations; (8) Civil Law; (9) Constitutional law.
Chapter- 2
Imperative law
2.1 Imperative law means a precept or a rule upon men by some authority which enforces obedience to it .in other words, an imperative law is a rule in the form of a command, which is enforced by some superior power.
2.2 Life as such as we know it is quite complicated that poses Relocation is also one among such complications. The government across various countries has specific laws and regulations which every Auto Transport Company ought to follow in order to provide car shipping services to their clients. And the Government boards several obstacles and issues on a regular basis. And yet we are able to survive it to the best of our abilities due to some order. Without laws, rules and regulations, there would be no order and it gives room for chaos. also inspect the companies based on certain criteria and only if they get satisfied with quality and other measures, can a company become a licensed one to provide efficient services and develop their business. Besides, people also look out for certified and licensed companies as they seek professional and high quality services.
2.3 Imperative laws are that it enforced by some authority. The observance of law must not depend upon the pleasure of the people. Law has to be enforced by the machinery of the state. The source, custom or reason but the strength of the state. The instrument time of coercion by which law is enforced is called sanction. Sometimes, sanction is in the form of censure, of law is not consent ridicule or contempt and sometimes in the form of physical force. Sanction is not necessarily a punishment.
Chapter- 3
Customary Law
3.1Customary law is any rule of action by men-any rule which is the expression of some actually uniformity of voluntary action. which is actually observed Custom is a law for those who observe it-a law or rule which they have set for themselves and to which they voluntary conform their actions. which is actually observed They are the laws of dress deportment and etiquette.
3.2 The operation of custom as of civil law will be considered later. That portion of the civil law which has its source in custom one of the sources is itself called customary law, but it is not in this sense that the term is here used; customary law in the present sense is not a part of civil one of the sources law, but a different kind of law in the generic sense.
3.3 Customary law come into existence due, when some kind of action gets general approval and is generally observed to a number of reasons for a long time, it becomes a custom. Some-times, Customs come into existence on the ground of expediency. Other reasons for their coming to a number of reasons nto existence are imitation, convenience etc. When they are recognized by the state they become a part of the civil law.
Chapter- 4
Constitutional law
4.1 Constitutional law is the body of law which the relationship of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, theand the judiciary. Not all though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law or international rules and norms, and so on.
4.2 The broad topic of constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society. This includes relationships among the states, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the states and the federal government, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. The area of judicial review is an important subject within Constitutional Law. The Supreme Court has played a crucial role in interpreting the Constitution. Consequently, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings.
4.3 The Constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. Constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society, which includes relationships among the states, the states and the federal government, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. Because the Supreme Court plays such an important role in interpreting the constitution, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings. Some of the most familiar topics of Constitutional law are the freedoms of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the Bill of Rights.
Chapter- 5
Physical Law
5.1 Physical laws or the laws of science are expression of the uniformities of nature-general principles expressing the harmony observable in the activities and operations of the universe, such as law of gravitation, the law of tides, or the laws of chemical combination.
5.2 Physical laws are also, They are not the creation called natural laws or laws of nature. There is regularity in those laws. They are not the creation of men and cannot be changed by them. Human laws change from time to time and country to country but physical laws are invariable forever.
1. Khan, DR, Hamiduddin, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-55.
2. Mahajan, Dr. V.D, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-65 .
Chapter- 6
Civil Law
6.1 The law relating to Civil law, as opposed to law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, The law relating to in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. For instance, if a car crash victim claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident, this will be a civil law case. The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contract is part of the civil law.
6.2 Civil law courts provide a forum for deciding disputes involving torts (such as accidents, negligence, and libel), contract disputes, and any other private matters that involve private parties and organizations including government departments. the probate of wills, trusts, property disputes, administrative law, commercial law, An action by an individual (or legal equivalent) against the attorney general is a civil matter, but when the state, or some other agent for the state, takes action against an individual (or legal equivalent including a government department), this is public law, not civil law. The objectives, , being represented by the prosecutor for the attorney general, of civil law are different from other types of law. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, who is the cause of the wrong pays, this being a civilized form of, or legal alternative to, revenge. If it is an equity matter, honor an agreement, or settle a dispute. If there is a victim, they get compensation, and the person, there is often a pie for division and it gets allocated by a process of civil law, possibly invoking the doctrines of equity. In public law the objective is usually deterrence, and retribution.
6.3 An action in criminal law does not necessarily action in civil law in common law countries, and may provide a for compensation to the victims of crime. Murder was ordered to pay damages for wrongful death after being acquitted of the criminal charge of murder. Such a situation occurred when O.J. Simpson. Civil law in common law countries usually refers to both common law and the law of equity, which while now merged in administration, have traditions, and have historically operated to different doctrines, although this dualism is increasingly being set aside so there is one coherent body of law rationalized around common principles of law.
1. Form Wikipedia.
2. Form Wikipedia.
3. Form Wikipedia.
Chapter -7
Conclusion
7.1 Various types of law have several impacts on our day to day life. For example Imperative law, Customary law, Civil Law, Constitutional law, and physical law. We are very much dependent on certain law life. According to the juristic option common else law are forms in order to control the human behavior some law are formulated to wrings or evils. After all in my assignment I have tried my best out the merits of different law. I think this assignment will be a shortest effort to organize the system of Bangladesh.
Nature of law
1.1 Law is a system of rules and guidelines it shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It is , however , not possible to confine positive law to the land.
1.2 In the widest sense there are many kinds of law, and salmon mentions the following as sufficiently important and distinct to deserve separate mention and examination: (1) Imperative law; (2) Physical of or scientific Law; (3) Natural or Moral law; (4) Convectional law; (5) Customary law; (6) Practical or Technical Law; (7) International law or the Law of Nations; (8) Civil Law; (9) Constitutional law.
Chapter- 2
Imperative law
2.1 Imperative law means a precept or a rule upon men by some authority which enforces obedience to it .in other words, an imperative law is a rule in the form of a command, which is enforced by some superior power.
2.2 Life as such as we know it is quite complicated that poses Relocation is also one among such complications. The government across various countries has specific laws and regulations which every Auto Transport Company ought to follow in order to provide car shipping services to their clients. And the Government boards several obstacles and issues on a regular basis. And yet we are able to survive it to the best of our abilities due to some order. Without laws, rules and regulations, there would be no order and it gives room for chaos. also inspect the companies based on certain criteria and only if they get satisfied with quality and other measures, can a company become a licensed one to provide efficient services and develop their business. Besides, people also look out for certified and licensed companies as they seek professional and high quality services.
2.3 Imperative laws are that it enforced by some authority. The observance of law must not depend upon the pleasure of the people. Law has to be enforced by the machinery of the state. The source, custom or reason but the strength of the state. The instrument time of coercion by which law is enforced is called sanction. Sometimes, sanction is in the form of censure, of law is not consent ridicule or contempt and sometimes in the form of physical force. Sanction is not necessarily a punishment.
Chapter- 3
Customary Law
3.1Customary law is any rule of action by men-any rule which is the expression of some actually uniformity of voluntary action. which is actually observed Custom is a law for those who observe it-a law or rule which they have set for themselves and to which they voluntary conform their actions. which is actually observed They are the laws of dress deportment and etiquette.
3.2 The operation of custom as of civil law will be considered later. That portion of the civil law which has its source in custom one of the sources is itself called customary law, but it is not in this sense that the term is here used; customary law in the present sense is not a part of civil one of the sources law, but a different kind of law in the generic sense.
3.3 Customary law come into existence due, when some kind of action gets general approval and is generally observed to a number of reasons for a long time, it becomes a custom. Some-times, Customs come into existence on the ground of expediency. Other reasons for their coming to a number of reasons nto existence are imitation, convenience etc. When they are recognized by the state they become a part of the civil law.
Chapter- 4
Constitutional law
4.1 Constitutional law is the body of law which the relationship of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, theand the judiciary. Not all though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law or international rules and norms, and so on.
4.2 The broad topic of constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society. This includes relationships among the states, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the states and the federal government, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. The area of judicial review is an important subject within Constitutional Law. The Supreme Court has played a crucial role in interpreting the Constitution. Consequently, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings.
4.3 The Constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. Constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society, which includes relationships among the states, the states and the federal government, As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, the three branches of the federal government, and the rights of the individual in relation to both federal and state government. Because the Supreme Court plays such an important role in interpreting the constitution, study of Constitutional Law focuses heavily on Supreme Court rulings. Some of the most familiar topics of Constitutional law are the freedoms of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the Bill of Rights.
Chapter- 5
Physical Law
5.1 Physical laws or the laws of science are expression of the uniformities of nature-general principles expressing the harmony observable in the activities and operations of the universe, such as law of gravitation, the law of tides, or the laws of chemical combination.
5.2 Physical laws are also, They are not the creation called natural laws or laws of nature. There is regularity in those laws. They are not the creation of men and cannot be changed by them. Human laws change from time to time and country to country but physical laws are invariable forever.
1. Khan, DR, Hamiduddin, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-55.
2. Mahajan, Dr. V.D, Jurisprudence & Comparative Legal Theory, P. No-65 .
Chapter- 6
Civil Law
6.1 The law relating to Civil law, as opposed to law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, The law relating to in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. For instance, if a car crash victim claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident, this will be a civil law case. The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contract is part of the civil law.
6.2 Civil law courts provide a forum for deciding disputes involving torts (such as accidents, negligence, and libel), contract disputes, and any other private matters that involve private parties and organizations including government departments. the probate of wills, trusts, property disputes, administrative law, commercial law, An action by an individual (or legal equivalent) against the attorney general is a civil matter, but when the state, or some other agent for the state, takes action against an individual (or legal equivalent including a government department), this is public law, not civil law. The objectives, , being represented by the prosecutor for the attorney general, of civil law are different from other types of law. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, who is the cause of the wrong pays, this being a civilized form of, or legal alternative to, revenge. If it is an equity matter, honor an agreement, or settle a dispute. If there is a victim, they get compensation, and the person, there is often a pie for division and it gets allocated by a process of civil law, possibly invoking the doctrines of equity. In public law the objective is usually deterrence, and retribution.
6.3 An action in criminal law does not necessarily action in civil law in common law countries, and may provide a for compensation to the victims of crime. Murder was ordered to pay damages for wrongful death after being acquitted of the criminal charge of murder. Such a situation occurred when O.J. Simpson. Civil law in common law countries usually refers to both common law and the law of equity, which while now merged in administration, have traditions, and have historically operated to different doctrines, although this dualism is increasingly being set aside so there is one coherent body of law rationalized around common principles of law.
1. Form Wikipedia.
2. Form Wikipedia.
3. Form Wikipedia.
Chapter -7
Conclusion
7.1 Various types of law have several impacts on our day to day life. For example Imperative law, Customary law, Civil Law, Constitutional law, and physical law. We are very much dependent on certain law life. According to the juristic option common else law are forms in order to control the human behavior some law are formulated to wrings or evils. After all in my assignment I have tried my best out the merits of different law. I think this assignment will be a shortest effort to organize the system of Bangladesh.
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